Quantum Efficiency and Metastable Lifetime Measurements in Solid State Laser Materials Via Lock in Rate Window Photothermal Radiometry: Technique and Application to Ruby ( Cr3+: Al2O3), Opt. Eng.; Special Issue on

https://cadipt.mie.utoronto.ca/publications/quantum-efficiency-and-metastable-lifetime-measurements-in-solid-state-laser-materials-via-lock-in-rate-window-photothermal-radiometry-technique-and-application-to-ruby-cr3-al2o3-opt-eng-spe-3/

A. Mandelis, Z. H. Chen and R. Bleiss, "Quantum Efficiency and Metastable Lifetime Measurements in Solid State Laser Materials Via Lock in Rate Window Photothermal Radiometry: Technique and Application to Ruby ( Cr³⁺: Al₂O₃), Opt. Eng.; Special Issue on "Optical Science and Engineering in Canada", 32, 2046 - 2053, Sept. 1993.